{"id":846,"date":"2020-01-01T14:27:16","date_gmt":"2020-01-01T14:27:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aylikdergisi.com\/?p=846"},"modified":"2025-02-21T14:30:42","modified_gmt":"2025-02-21T14:30:42","slug":"1095ten-1992ye-avrupa-birligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aylikdergisi.com\/index.php\/2020\/01\/01\/1095ten-1992ye-avrupa-birligi\/","title":{"rendered":"1095\u2019ten 1992\u2019ye Avrupa Birli\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

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    \n
  1. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ticar\u00ee faaliyetlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130pek ve Baharat yollar\u0131, T\u00fcrklerin ve di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletlerin elindeydi. O d\u00f6nemde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck lojistik a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elinde bulunduran T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletlerin ekonomisi \u00e7ok iyi durumdayd\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Avrupa yokluk i\u00e7inde; k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri a\u00e7, halklar\u0131 yoksul ve soylular\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu i\u015fsiz durumda idi. Kendilerine gerekli olan mallar\u0131n bu diyarlardaki bollu\u011funu, \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00fclkelerinin zenginli\u011fini, halk\u0131n\u0131n refah\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcp \u00fclkelerinde daha da abartarak anlat\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bunlar\u0131 duyan Avrupal\u0131 halklar da buralar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 aramaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunlara seny\u00f6r ve \u015f\u00f6valyelerin macera arzular\u0131 da eklenince, a\u011fz\u0131ndan salya ak\u0131tarak zengin \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00fclkeleri \u00fczerinde planlar yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Sonunda Do\u011fu\u2019ya, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n topraklar\u0131na sefer d\u00fczenleme karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ecek bu seferler, yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Temel m\u00e2n\u00e2da bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk \u201cAvrupa Birli\u011fi\u201d Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri ile fiil\u00ee olarak ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu. Kendilerine ait oldu\u011funu iddia ettikleri, \u00fczerinde hi\u00e7bir haklar\u0131 bulunmayan zenginlikleri \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6t\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuk, ya\u015fl\u0131, kad\u0131n demeden katlettiler, \u201cBuras\u0131 mabed, \u015furas\u0131 k\u00fct\u00fcphane!\u201d demeden y\u0131kt\u0131lar ve bin y\u0131ld\u0131r de\u011fi\u015ftirmedikleri s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci bir sistemle kendilerine ait olmayan \u015feylere h\u00e2l\u00e2 el koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

    \u00dczerinden Bin Y\u0131l Ge\u00e7mi\u015f, Bu Kadar Zamanda Neler Neler De\u011fi\u015fti\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Evet, o zamandan bu zamana devletler y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131, devletler kuruldu. N\u00fcfus artt\u0131. Teknoloji geli\u015fti ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ihtiya\u00e7lar da de\u011fi\u015fti; ama Avrupal\u0131 devletlerin kendilerine ait olmayan \u015feylere el koyma noktas\u0131ndaki heves ve tutumlar\u0131 hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmedi. Birbirleri ile m\u00fccadeleyi b\u0131rak\u0131p, ortak \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda birlikte hareket etmeyi hat\u0131rlamalar\u0131 1000 y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Sanki \u201cBirbirinizle \u00e7eki\u015fmeyin; yoksa korkuya kap\u0131l\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z ve kuvvetiniz elden gider.<\/em>\u201d emri bize de\u011fil de onlara gelmi\u015f gibi tekrar birlik oldular.<\/p>\n

    1800\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda, Amerika\u2019da \u015fans eseri olarak bulundu\u011fu iddia edilen petrol asl\u0131nda bu tarihten y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce kadim medeniyetler taraf\u0131ndan ayd\u0131nlatma amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1861 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pensilvanya\u2019da ilk petrol kuyusunun faaliyete ge\u00e7mesinden sonra d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinen petrol\u00fcn rezervi baz\u0131 yerlerde gizli, baz\u0131 yerlerde ise alenen ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. O d\u00f6nemde mevcut olan ve mevcut olmas\u0131 muhtemel petrol rezervlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer almaktayd\u0131. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temel nedenlerinden birinin bu oldu\u011fu kanaatindeyim. Sava\u015f \u00f6ncesinde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin elinde bulunan zengin petrol rezervleri, bug\u00fcn onlarca k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7aya b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f ve daha kolay s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclebilir h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Avrupa Birli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Avrupa\u2019da bir birlikteli\u011fe dair 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ilk ad\u0131m\u00a0Bel\u00e7ika, Federal Almanya, Fransa, \u0130talya, L\u00fcksemburg ve Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve \u00e7elikte ortak bir pazar kurmalar\u0131yla at\u0131ld\u0131. Bir zamanlar birbirleri ile sava\u015fan \u00fclkeler, 9 May\u0131s 1950 tarihinde Avrupa K\u00f6m\u00fcr ve \u00c7elik Toplulu\u011fu (AK\u00c7T) ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ortak \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve \u00e7elik \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in bir araya geldiler. Sava\u015f\u0131n hammaddeleri olan \u00e7elik ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr, bu toplulukla birlikte bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n garantisi oldu ve birbirleri ile sava\u015fan \u00fclkeler olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, birbirlerinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyan \u00fclkeler durumuna ge\u00e7tiler. Sonraki y\u0131llarda \u00e7e\u015fitli mal ve hizmetleri i\u00e7eren ortak pazara dayal\u0131 Avrupa Ekonomik Toplulu\u011fu (AET) kuruldu. \u00d6zellikle tar\u0131m ve ticarette ortak politikalar olu\u015fturuldu ve 1968 y\u0131l\u0131nda kendi aralar\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergileri kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 1992\u00a0Maastricht Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u00a0ile Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB)\u00a0kurulmu\u015f oldu. Temel m\u00e2n\u00e2da bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kurulan bu birlikteliklerin hepsi, yukar\u0131da ismi zikredilen devletlerin ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak maksad\u0131yla gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilkinde oldu\u011fu gibi 1992 de kurulan Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nde de temelde ekonomik sebepler var.<\/p>\n

    Avrupa Birli\u011fi: \u201cEnerji Birli\u011fi\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u015eimdilerde yeni olu\u015fumlarla Avrupa devletleri, zenginliklerine zenginlik katmaya devam ediyorlar. Son y\u0131llarda bu devletler enerji toplant\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fczenliyor ve enerji alan\u0131nda bir bilgi a\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturarak devletler aras\u0131 enerji anla\u015fmalar\u0131 imzal\u0131yorlar ve \u015firketler aras\u0131 konsorsiyumlar olu\u015fturuyorlar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc geli\u015fen teknoloji ile birlikte \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n temel problemi enerji olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bir zamanlar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devlet olabilmek; ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131 elde tutmak, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve demir hammaddelerini elde etmek, petrol kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 elinde tutmakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oluyordu.<\/p>\n

    K\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte enerji durumuna bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda son y\u00fczy\u0131lda verilen b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015flar\u0131n temel sebebi h\u0131zla geli\u015fen end\u00fcstri ve fosil yak\u0131tl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 ile birlikte enerji talebinin de artmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ihtiya\u00e7 nedeniyle geli\u015fmi\u015f ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin t\u00fckenmekte olan fosil yak\u0131tlara alternatif aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    N\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fehirle\u015fme sebebiyle has\u0131l olan enerji ihtiyac\u0131, devletleri yeni enerji politikalar\u0131 haz\u0131rlamaya sevk etmi\u015ftir. Globalle\u015fen yeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninde s\u00f6z sahibi olan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131na yerle\u015fen \u00fclkemizde de enerji ile ilgili ciddi ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmak isteyenlere verilen hibe ve kredi destekleri bunun en a\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6stergesidir; ama yeterli de\u011fildir. Yeterli olmamas\u0131n\u0131n en somut g\u00f6stergesi de cari a\u00e7\u0131kta b\u00fcy\u00fck bir paya sahip olan enerji giderleridir.<\/p>\n

    Siyas\u00ee ve manev\u00ee bak\u0131mdan 1959 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan AB\u2019ye girip girmememiz zerrece umurumda de\u011fildir. Ancak ekonomik saikleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131rsak, AB olu\u015fumuna girme \u00e7abalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n sonu\u00e7 vermedi\u011fi gibi, kurulan bu enerji birlikteliklerinden de bir \u015fekilde uzak kal\u0131yoruz veya uzak b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yoruz. \u0130\u015fin manev\u00ee boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131p ticaret ve enerji alan\u0131nda Avrupa devletlerinin birle\u015ferek bu topraklara kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131 m\u00fccadele, h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda da devam ediyor. \u201cS\u00fcr\u00fcden ayr\u0131lan\u0131 kurt kapar, tek olan yok olur, bir olan \u00e7ok olur!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

    B\u00fct\u00fcn bu olaylar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda \u00fclkemiz, y\u0131llardan beri kulaklar\u0131m\u0131zda yank\u0131lanan \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Jeopolitik Konumu\u201d ile ba\u015flayan c\u00fcmlelerle de ifade edildi\u011fi gibi b\u00f6lgemiz ve d\u00fcnya siyaseti i\u00e7in tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz bir konumdad\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda enerji alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, uluslararas\u0131 yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmalar, ulusal derecede verilen hibe ve desteklere ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrkiye, enerji bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 durumda b\u0131rak\u0131lmaya devam ediliyor. Yap\u0131lan hidroelektrik santralleri, fotovoltaik sistemlere ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r trib\u00fcnlerine verilen hibe ve kredi destekleri; hatta bireysel elektrik \u00fcretimine verilen destekler, jeotermal alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara verilen destekler, n\u00fckleer enerji i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir. Cari a\u00e7\u0131kta b\u00fcy\u00fck bir pay\u0131 olan enerji alan\u0131nda k\u00f6kl\u00fc reformlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Devlet, att\u0131\u011f\u0131 destek ad\u0131mlar\u0131yla hem \u00f6zel enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc canland\u0131rmak istiyor hem de enerji a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapatmak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck t\u00fcm f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendiriyor. Ancak k\u0131sm\u00ee olarak d\u00fcnyada enerji aln\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan uzak tutularak ve daha k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc kendi enerji potansiyelimizi bilmeden, sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 dinlemeden, Ar-Ge \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeden ve yeni enerji sistemlerinde \u00f6nc\u00fc olmadan yine bu sorunu a\u015fabilmemiz m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

    Neden \u201cEnerji \u015e\u00fbras\u0131\u201d Toplanm\u0131yor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca sadece bir kez enerji \u015f\u00fbras\u0131 topland\u0131. O da 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda. \u0130lk olarak \u201cEnerji \u015e\u00fbras\u0131\u201d tekrar toplanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Enerji alan\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131m yapan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u00fcm firmalar, \u00fcniversitelerde enerji \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapm\u0131\u015f ve yapmakta olan t\u00fcm bilim adamlar\u0131m\u0131z, resm\u00ee kurumlarda g\u00f6revli olan teknik personellerimiz ile birlikte T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin enerji haritas\u0131 \u00e7izilmelidir. Bununla birlikte en az 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k planlamalar haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131 ve altyap\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yine 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bununla birlikte d\u00fcnyada var olan enerji ile ilgili yap\u0131lan Ar-Ge \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yak\u0131ndan takip edilmeli. G\u00f6zlemci bilim heyetleri olu\u015fturularak, heyetlerin o \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardaki g\u00f6zlemleri dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bununla birlikte bilime yap\u0131lan her yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n 15-20 y\u0131ll\u0131k periyotlarda madd\u00ee geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bilime yap\u0131lan her yat\u0131r\u0131m do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 olarak sanayiye yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

    D\u00fcnyan\u0131n s\u00fcper g\u00fcc\u00fc olma yolunda ilerleyen \u00c7in, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde \u201cyapay g\u00fcne\u015f\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 f\u00fczyon reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinin tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Bu \u00f6rnekten anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n h\u0131zla y\u00fckselen ekonomi merkezi olan \u00c7in, enerjide tasarruf yapmak istiyor. Avrupa \u00fclkelerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 50 y\u0131ll\u0131k planlar\u0131nda fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131 tamamen hayatlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 hedefliyorlar. Amerika\u2019da h\u0131zla elektrikli ara\u00e7lar yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

    D\u00fcnyan\u0131n petrol b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinden Shell, Hollanda\u2019da bu y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda 76 bin panelli bir fotovoltaik sistem kurdu. Yine Shell taraf\u0131ndan Hollanda\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan yeni bir makale, Shell\u2019in jeotermal enerji konusundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ve neden \u00fclkedeki jeotermal geli\u015fimi inceledi\u011fini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serdi.<\/p>\n

    K\u0131sacas\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya entegre olarak, topraklar\u0131m\u0131zda ve ger\u00e7ek m\u00fcttefiklerimiz olan ortak ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip dost \u00fclkelerle ortak projeler geli\u015ftirerek ve Ar-Ge \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ana g\u00fcndem maddesi h\u00e2line getirerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctmeliyiz. Ama at\u0131lacak ilk ve \u00f6nemli ad\u0131m \u201cEnerji \u015e\u00fbras\u0131\u201dn\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Bu \u015f\u00fbra ile ayn\u0131 sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan y\u00fczlerce ki\u015finin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri dinlenmi\u015f ve sekt\u00f6rdeki sorunlar\u0131n do\u011frudan dile getirilebilece\u011fi bir platform kurulmu\u015f olunur.<\/p>\n

    Yazar: Cengizalp Akcan<\/p>\n

    Ayl\u0131k Dergisi 184. Say\u0131, Ocak 2020<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ticar\u00ee faaliyetlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130pek ve Baharat yollar\u0131, T\u00fcrklerin ve di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletlerin elindeydi. O d\u00f6nemde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck lojistik a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elinde bulunduran T\u00fcrk ve…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[14],"class_list":["post-846","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fikir","author-admin","no-post-thumbnail"],"yoast_head":"\n1095\u2019ten 1992\u2019ye Avrupa Birli\u011fi - Ayl\u0131k Dergisi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aylikdergisi.com\/index.php\/2020\/01\/01\/1095ten-1992ye-avrupa-birligi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1095\u2019ten 1992\u2019ye Avrupa Birli\u011fi - Ayl\u0131k Dergisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"  y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ticar\u00ee faaliyetlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130pek ve Baharat yollar\u0131, T\u00fcrklerin ve di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletlerin elindeydi. O d\u00f6nemde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck lojistik a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elinde bulunduran T\u00fcrk ve…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.aylikdergisi.com\/index.php\/2020\/01\/01\/1095ten-1992ye-avrupa-birligi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ayl\u0131k Dergisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AylikBaranDergisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-01-01T14:27:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-21T14:30:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"aylikdergisi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Aylik_Dergisi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Aylik_Dergisi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"aylikdergisi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aylikdergisi.com\\\/index.php\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/01\\\/1095ten-1992ye-avrupa-birligi\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aylikdergisi.com\\\/index.php\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/01\\\/1095ten-1992ye-avrupa-birligi\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"aylikdergisi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aylikdergisi.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f6f24c4fc82f2469847571852b8c65fd\"},\"headline\":\"1095\u2019ten 1992\u2019ye Avrupa Birli\u011fi\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-01-01T14:27:16+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-21T14:30:42+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aylikdergisi.com\\\/index.php\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/01\\\/1095ten-1992ye-avrupa-birligi\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1733,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aylikdergisi.com\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Fikir\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aylikdergisi.com\\\/index.php\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/01\\\/1095ten-1992ye-avrupa-birligi\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aylikdergisi.com\\\/index.php\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/01\\\/1095ten-1992ye-avrupa-birligi\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aylikdergisi.com\\\/index.php\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/01\\\/1095ten-1992ye-avrupa-birligi\\\/\",\"name\":\"1095\u2019ten 1992\u2019ye Avrupa Birli\u011fi - 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